Kaye Howard
Helicopters are one of the most innovative inventions that changed the game for defense, warfighting, transportation, and disaster relief missions. Many models have been invented to fulfill various government efforts, but the Sikorsky line of helicopters is one that has proven to be a consistent force to be reckoned with when it comes to defending the homeland from the skies.
Like most ingenious creations, Sikorsky helicopters didn’t become the legendary aircraft they are without undergoing overhauling, improvement, and modernization processes.
This article will guide you through exploring the legacy of Sikorsky Helicopters and its many innovations and evolutions.
Igor Sikorsky: The Birth of an Aviation Legend
The Sikorsky helicopter line came into existence through the genius of Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky, a legendary aviation developer of helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. Born in 1889 in Kyiv (present-day Kyiv, Ukraine) of the former Russian Empire, Sikorsky’s interest in aviation began when he was 12 years old. In 1900, the young prodigy built his first aircraft prototype powered by rubber bands.
After a brief period at the St. Petersburg Maritime Cadet Corps Academy, Sikorsky decided he wanted a career in engineering. His passion for aviation was bolstered by the successes of the rigid airships of Count Ferdinand Zeppelin and the Flyer of the Wright Brothers.
Sikorsky enjoyed a thriving aviation career in his hometown from the beginning of World War I and the Russian Revolution. But in 1919, he fled to the United States to seek better opportunities for his career, business, and life.
In 1923, Sikorsky founded the Sikorsky Manufacturing Company in New York with financial backing from other Russian expatriates. One of his major supporters was Sergei Rachmaninoff who sponsored $5,000 to pay for the lease of a wooden hangar at Roosevelt Field for various aviation operations.
Sikorsky’s unwavering commitment to invent and innovate, his team comprising other Russian immigrants and his financial allies, were key in establishing the Sikorsky Manufacturing Company, a leading military aviation services and solutions provider.
Among the company’s significant milestones were the development and launching of Sikorsky’s first airplane, the S-29A, the successful tethered flight of the Vought-Sikorsky VS-300. the pioneering of trans-Atlantic and trans-Pacific commercial passenger services, and the creation of a helicopter configuration that remains a standard for modern helicopters today.
A Timeline of Sikorsky Helicopters’ Innovations and Evolution
Outlined below is the timeline of the significant milestones of Igor Sikorsky on his road to becoming a helicopter pioneer and aviation legend in his time and in the future. This timeline also shows the various changes Sikorsky helicopters went through and their impact on the current and future models.
1923 – Igor Sikorsky establishes the Sikorsky Manufacturing Company in Long Island, New York
1934 – The company changes its name to Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation
1939 – Vought-Sikorsky VS-300V (S-46), the world’s first helicopter, takes flight and gives birth to the helicopter industry
1940 – Igor receives his Connecticut Helicopter License No. 1
1941 – V3-300 beats the world record set by the Focke-Wulf Fw 61, by staying up for one hour, 32 minutes, and 26.1 seconds. In the same year, the VS-300 was fitted with rubber floats, becoming the world’s first practical amphibious helicopter
1942 – The first production helicopter, XR-4 was delivered. It was also the first helicopter to complete a cross-country flight
1943 – The R-4 helicopter was the first large-scale mass-produced helicopter model. It was also the first helicopter to land on a ship, namely the USS Bunker Hill, and the only helicopter to serve in World War II
1944 – Lieutenant Carter Harman pilots the R-4 in its first combat rescue operation
1945 – The R-5 was the first helicopter to be equipped with weapons. In the same year, the S-51 was piloted by Dimitry “Jimmy” Viner to perform the first helicopter used for a civilian rescue mission
1947 – Pilot Jimmy Viner manned the S-51 once again to perform the first naval rescue mission. In the same year, the S-51 was used by Los Angeles Airways to start the world’s first helicopter airmail service
1948 – The S-51 was the first helicopter used for an amphibious assault mission
1949 – The S-52 marks some of its pivotal milestones this year. It was the first production helicopter to have metal rotor blades and the first to perform a loop. The S-52 also set several world records of height and speed, such as flying for 129.6 mph on a 3-kilometer course.
1950 – The S-51 was the first helicopter to be equipped with a three-axis automatic flight-control system and the first to be towed by an airplane.
1952 – The S-55 was the first helicopter used as an anti-submarine warfare aircraft, the first to fly across the Atlantic Ocean, and the first to be equipped with pre-tracked interchangeable rotor blades
1953 – The S-56 was the first helicopter to be equipped with a five-blade main rotor, automatic blade and tail folding, and power-operated loading configurations
1954 – The turbine-powered S-59 helicopter model establishes a world speed record of 156.005 mph and a world altitude record of 24,500 feet
1956 – The S-58 helicopter was the first model to be approved by the US Navy for instrument flight rating
1956 – Sikorsky Aircraft moves its headquarters to Stratford, Connecticut, where it remains to this day
1957 – The S-58 was the first helicopter to transport a US President
1959 – The S-61 was the first helicopter that could detect and destroy enemy submarines. Back then, it was the world’s largest amphibious helicopter
1960 – Los Angeles Airways made a milestone by being the first carrier in the world to use a turbine engine helicopter, namely the S-62. In the same year, the S-55 made its first aerial recovery with a parachute
1961 – The S-58 was the first helicopter to retrieve an astronaut, Commander Alan Shephard. In the same year, the S-61L became the world’s first multi-turbine helicopter certified for passenger transport, while the S-61 made the fastest helicopter crossing of the country, with a speed of 150 mph
1962 – The S-64 was the first flying crane model helicopter to have an aft-facing control station, a fly-by-wire control system, and a six-blade main rotor
1965 – The S-61 made headlines by becoming the first helicopter to do aerial refueling via standard tanker airplane
1985 – Sikorsky’s SHADOW is the first helicopter to have a single-pilot research cockpit, fly-by-wire, sidearm controls, and voice interaction features
2015 – Lockheed Martin purchases Sikorsky Aircraft from United Technologies
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What’s next for the Sikorsky Helicopters?
Harnessing Igor Sikorsky’s 100-year legacy, Sikorsky Aircraft continues to craft helicopters well-suited for the toughest warfare and rescue operations and the safest and most convenient transportation missions.
On October 4, 2023, Sikorsky Aircraft achieved quite a few milestones mirroring its engineering and enterprising excellence. Listed below are those achievements:
— The Air Force Life Cycle Management Center (AFLCMC) awards Sikorsky Aircraft a $650 million contract to work on long-term capability upgrades for HH-60W helicopters. The enhancements include adding a mobile user objective system, a global positioning system anti-jam feature, and degraded visual environment systems.
— The #SB1 Defiant, a helicopter developed by Sikorsky Aircraft and The Boeing Company, advanced through its test ground runs at the Sikorsky Development Flight Center in West Palm Beach, Florida. This strategic partnership paved the way for the US Army to adopt the scalable and tailorable X-2 Technology for current and next-generation military helicopters.
— Sikorsky Aircraft partnered with Rain, a leading aerial wildfire containment technology developer, to advance the latter’s Wildfire Mission Autonomy System with an uncrewed Sikorsky Black Hawk helicopter. The objective of the collaboration is to test the efficiency of autonomously flown helicopters in suppressing burgeoning wildfires.
In September 2023, Sikorsky Aircraft signed an international agreement with the Asian Aerospace Corporation to become the primary and authorized original equipment manufacturer (OEM) seller in the Philippines.
The contract specified that Sikorsky would provide spare parts and repair services for Black Hawk helicopters. To date, the Philippine Air Force (PAF) is currently operating 15 units of S-70i Black Hawk combat utility helicopters, with 32 more units coming within the next three years.
About Sikorsky Aircraft
Photo by TANAPOL THONGKUK/Shutterstock
Sikorsky Aircraft is a manufacturing company specializing in designing and engineering helicopters for civilian and military use. Founded in 1923 by the visionary Igor I. Sikorsky, Sikorsky Aircraft celebrates 100 years of excellence in innovating helicopter technology for defense and warfighting missions and transporting services from federal agencies to civilians.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the parent company of Sikorsky Aircraft?
Sikorsky Aircraft is a subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation. The aerospace, defense, and arms company acquired Sikorsky Aircraft in 2015 from United Technologies Corporation (UTC) for $9 billion.
What was the first Sikorsky helicopter?
On September 14, 1939, Igor Sikorsky created the Vought-Sikorsky VS-300 prototype, the world’s first practical helicopter model. The helicopter was the first of its kind to have a single main rotor and a tail rotor design.
Does Sikorsky Aircraft have subsidiaries or entities?
Sikorsky Aircraft currently leads and operates eight other entities, namely:
- Composite Technology, Inc.
- PZL Mielec
- Sikorsky Innovations
- Sikorsky Support Services, Inc.
- TATA/Sikorsky Joint Venture
- Derco Repair Services, Inc.
- Derco Holding, Ltd.
- Boeing Sikorsky International Services
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